Hand tools are essential and crucial in performing various tasks like cutting, shaping, joining, and finishing metal workpieces. Each tool has a specific purpose, and it is important to know how to use them correctly to ensure both safety and precision. Proper handling and maintenance of these tools are key to achieving good quality work and prolonging the life of the tools.

 Types of Hand Tools

1. Hammers:

   Hammers are used for driving nails, breaking objects, and shaping metal. They come in different types based on their applications.

  Ball Peen Hammer: This is the most common hammer used in fitting jobs. It has a rounded (peen) end and a flat end. The flat end is used for striking, while the peen is used for shaping metal or closing rivets.

  Claw Hammer: This hammer is primarily used for carpentry but can also be found in fitting workshops for removing nails or bending small components.

  Soft Face Hammer: These hammers have replaceable soft faces made of materials like plastic or rubber and are used where a softer blow is needed to avoid damaging the surface of the material.

   Proper Use: Hammers should always be used with the appropriate force and on materials suitable for the type of hammer being used. The handle should be gripped firmly near the end for better control and striking force.

2. Chisels:

   Chisels are used for cutting, shaping, or removing metal from a workpiece. They have sharp cutting edges and are struck with a hammer to perform the cutting action.

  Cold Chisel: This is the most commonly used chisel in the Fitter trade. It is made of hardened steel and is used for cutting and shaping metal.

  Cape Chisel: Used for cutting narrow grooves or keyways.

  Round Nose Chisel: Used for cutting round grooves.

   Proper Use: When using a chisel, always ensure the workpiece is securely clamped. Strike the chisel with controlled blows using a hammer. Never use a chisel with a mushroomed head, as it can cause metal splinters to fly off and cause injury.

3. Hacksaws:

   A hacksaw is a hand tool used for cutting metal or plastic. It consists of a metal frame that holds a thin, replaceable blade under tension. The blade has fine, sharp teeth designed to cut through materials.

  Adjustable Hacksaw: This hacksaw allows the frame to be adjusted to hold blades of different lengths.

  Junior Hacksaw: A smaller version used for lighter, more delicate work.

   Proper Use: When using a hacksaw, the blade should be properly tensioned. The teeth of the blade should face away from the user, as hacksaws are designed to cut on the forward stroke. Apply even pressure and use smooth strokes to avoid breaking the blade.

4. Files:

   Files are used to smooth, shape, or remove small amounts of material from a workpiece. They come in various shapes and grades, depending on the type of finish required and the material being worked on.

  Flat File: A general-purpose file with flat surfaces on both sides, used for filing flat surfaces.

  Half-Round File: This file has one flat side and one rounded side, making it useful for both flat surfaces and curved work.

  Round File: This file has a completely rounded surface and is used for enlarging holes or filing curved surfaces.

  Triangular File: A three-sided file used for filing angles and internal corners.

  Needle Files: Small, fine files used for delicate work.

   Proper Use: Files should be used with a handle to prevent injury. When filing, use a forward stroke, applying pressure on the forward motion and lifting the file on the return stroke. Filing in both directions can damage the file and produce a poor finish. Keep the file clean by brushing it with a file card after use.

 Proper Handling and Maintenance of Tools

1. Handling of Tools:

   Proper handling of hand tools is essential to avoid accidents and ensure good workmanship.

  Always use the right tool for the job. Using the wrong tool can damage both the tool and the workpiece.

  Grip tools firmly and securely, especially when using hammers, chisels, or saws.

  Ensure that the tools are in good condition before use. For example, check that the hammerhead is securely attached to the handle and that the chisel’s cutting edge is sharp and free of defects.

  Avoid using damaged or worn-out tools, as they can cause accidents or reduce the quality of the work.

2. Maintenance of Tools:

   Regular maintenance of hand tools ensures they remain in good working condition and helps prolong their life.

  Cleaning: After use, tools should be cleaned of any dust, dirt, or metal particles. For example, files should be cleaned using a file card to remove any metal filings lodged in the teeth.

  Sharpening: Cutting tools like chisels and hacksaw blades should be kept sharp to ensure effective cutting. Dull tools require more force and can lead to accidents.

  Lubrication: Tools with moving parts, such as adjustable hacksaws, should be periodically lubricated to prevent rusting and ensure smooth operation.

  Storage: Tools should be stored properly to prevent damage. For example, files should be kept in a tool drawer with protective covers to prevent them from coming into contact with other tools and dulling their cutting surfaces. Hammers and chisels should be hung on racks to avoid damaging their edges.

   Safety Tips for Tool Maintenance:

  Wear gloves when cleaning sharp tools to prevent cuts.

  Inspect tools regularly for signs of wear, such as mushrooming on chisels or loose hammerheads.

  Always use the correct sharpening equipment to maintain cutting tools in optimal condition.